Qalandar Momand (1930–2003) remains an enduring symbol of intellectual resistance, literary brilliance, and cultural pride in Pakistan’s Pashto literary history. As a poet, critic, linguist, translator, journalist, and political activist, he transformed the Pashto literary landscape while championing democratic ideals and Pashtun identity. His works, vision, and activism continue to inspire generations of writers, thinkers, and progressives across South Asia.
Early Life and Academic Brilliance
Born on 1 September 1930 in Bazid Khel, a village near Peshawar, Qalandar Momand was raised in an environment deeply rooted in religious and cultural values. He received his early education locally and later graduated with distinction in English Literature and Law, setting the stage for a lifelong journey of intellectual exploration. A gifted polyglot, he was fluent in Pashto, Urdu, English, Arabic, Persian, and Hindi, which enriched his literary and academic endeavors.
Literary Contributions: Redefining Pashto Modernism
Qalandar Momand was instrumental in modernizing Pashto literary expression, bridging classical traditions with contemporary themes. His literary works are not only celebrated for their aesthetic depth but also for their commitment to social justice, human dignity, and cultural empowerment.
Notable Literary Works
- Sabāʼūn (صَباوون) – A collection of revolutionary poems reflecting social and political consciousness
- Raṇāʼī – Modern Pashto poetry illuminating the inner struggles and hopes of a changing society
- Gajre – Short stories capturing the evolving dynamics of Pashtun culture
- Paṭah Khazānah fī al-Mīzān – A scholarly critique of the Pata Khazana manuscript
- Daryāb: Puṣhto Lughat – A comprehensive Pashto dictionary and linguistic reference
- Pashto translation of Shakespeare’s Macbeth – A landmark in Pashto literary translation, blending Western drama with local linguistic tradition
Momand’s contributions in literary criticism were equally groundbreaking, including works like Tanqīd: Talkhīṣ aw Tanqiyyah and Da Arist̤ū Naẓmīyāt Tashrīḥ aw Tabṣirah—his critical commentary on Aristotle’s Poetics.
Political Activism and Association with Bacha Khan
Deeply inspired by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Bacha Khan), Qalandar Momand embraced the ideals of non-violence, democracy, and Pashtun nationalism. As an activist and intellectual, he opposed General Ayub Khan’s One Unit policy and endured multiple imprisonments for his political views.
His time in prison, especially during Ayub’s regime, profoundly shaped his ideology—most notably when he witnessed the tragic death of Hasan Nasir, a fellow political prisoner and communist leader. This experience solidified Momand’s resolve to stand firm against authoritarianism.
Journalism: Voice of the Oppressed
Momand began his journalistic career in Karachi during the 1960s, editing key publications like:
- Shahbaz – Official organ of the National Awami Party (NAP)
- Anjam – A platform for progressive discourse
His editorials and opinion pieces were sharp, informed, and fearless. Through journalism, he gave voice to the marginalized and relentlessly exposed state injustices.
Cultural and Academic Leadership
In addition to his literary achievements, Qalandar Momand made lasting contributions to Pashto linguistics and literary criticism. He was a founding member of Sahu Leekunko Adabi Maraka (1962), a major Pashto literary forum, and served as the principal of Gomal Law College in Dera Ismail Khan. Furthermore, he played a pivotal role in establishing the Peshawar Press Club, becoming its first president.
Awards and Recognition
Qalandar Momand’s contributions were widely recognized at national and cultural levels:
State Honors
- Pride of Performance (1979) – For literary excellence
- Prime Minister’s National Award for Democracy (1989) – For advocacy of democratic ideals
- Sitara-i-Imtiaz (1996) – One of Pakistan’s highest civilian honors
Cultural Acknowledgements
He also received numerous accolades from literary societies, press organizations, and academic institutions, both within Pakistan and abroad.
Personal Life and Legacy
Qalandar Momand came from a scholarly family. His brother, Sahibzada Faizur Rahman Faizi, was also a respected Pashto poet. He had three children—Jalawan Momand, Zalan Momand, and Durr-e-Nayab Sahibzada—who are active in academic and social circles.
He passed away on 4 February 2003, leaving behind a legacy that transcends literature. His life’s work remains a beacon for Pashto intellectualism, cultural pride, and political resistance.
Conclusion
Qalandar Momand was more than a poet—he was a visionary thinker, revolutionary critic, and a conscience of his time. Through his poetry, criticism, and activism, he carved a unique space in South Asian literature where art met resistance, and language met liberation. Today, his voice continues to echo in the halls of Pashto literature, inspiring those who dare to speak truth to power and preserve cultural identity in the face of erasure.